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洛阳龙门石窟的英文介绍
洛阳龙门石窟的英文介绍
The Longmen Grottoes are located in the south of Luoyang City.They are between Mount Xiang and Mount Longmen and face Yi River.Longmen Grottoes,Yungang Caves and Mogao Caves are regarded as the three most famous treasure houses of stone inscriptions in China.The grottoes were started around the year 493 when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) moved the capital to Luoyang and were continuously built during the 400 years until the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127).The scenery measures 1,000 metres (about 1,094 yards) from north to south where there are over 2,300 holes and niches,2,800 steles,40 dagobas,1,300 caves and 100,000 statues.Most of them are the works of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the flourishing age of the Tang Dynasty (618-907).Lots of historical materials concerning art,music,religion,calligraphy,medicine,costume and architecture are kept in Longmen Grottoes.
Fengxian Temple
Fengxian Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty and it is the largest grotto in Longmen Temple with a width of 36 metres (about 118 feet) and a length of 41 metres (about 136 feet).There are nine major figures of various facial appearances and temperaments in the temple that were built in accordance with the Buddhist rite and their relationships by the artists.
The most impressive figure is the statue of Vairocana Buddha sitting cross-legged on the eight-square lotus throne.It is 17.14 metres (about 56.23 feet) in total height with the head four metres (about 13 feet) in height and the ears 1.9 metres (about 6.2 feet) in length.Vairocana means illuminating all things in the sutra.The Buddha has a well-filled figure,a sacred and kindly expression and an elegant ile.According to the record on the epigraph,the Empress Wu Zetian together with her subjects took part in the ceremony of Introducing the Light (a Buddhist blessing that the Buddha opens the spiritual light of himself and shares it with others).
At the sides of Vairocana there are two statues of Vairocana Buddha's disciples,Kasyapa and Ananda,wearing prudent and devout expressions.The figures of Bodhisattvas and devas can also be found in the temple.Some have dignified and genial expressions,while others are majestic and fiery.The various appearances and delicate designs are the representations of Empire Tang's powerful material and spiritual strength as well as the high crystallization of people's wisdoms.
Wanfo Cave
The Longmen Grottoes (ch.龙门石窟,lóngmén shíkū; lit.Dragon's Gate Grottoes) or Longmen Caves are located 12 km south of present day Luòyáng in Hénán province,China.The grottoes,which overwhelmingly depict Buddhist subjects,are densely dotted along the two mountains:Xiangshan (to the east) and Longmenshan (to the west).The Yi River flows northward between them.For this reason,the area used to be called Yique (The Gate of the Yi River).From north to south,the distance covered by grottoes is about one km.Along with the Mogao Caves and Yungang Grottoes,the Longmen Grottoes are one of the three most famous ancient sculptural sites in China.There are over 2100 niches,more than 100,000 statues,some 40 pagodas and 3600 tablets and steles in the caves of Guyang,Binyang and Lianhua.
Wanfo Cave,completed in 680,is a typical chronological cave of the Tang Dynasty of two rooms and square flat roofs.Its name is due to the 15,000 all statues of Buddha chiseled in the southern and northern walls of the cave.The main Buddha Amida sits on the lotus Sumeru throne,having a composed and solemn face.The wall behind Amida is carved with 54 lotuses upon which there are 54 Bodhisattvas in different shapes and with various expressions.
In addition,there are lifelike reliefs of pretty and charming singers and dancers on the wall.The singers are accompanied by various kinds of instruments and the dancers dance lightly and gracefully to the music.The whole model in the cave has created a lively and cheerful atmosphere.On the southern wall outside the cave is carved a statue of Kwan-yin of 85 centimetres (about 33 inches) in height,holding a pure bottle in the left hand and deer's tails (as a symbol of brushing off the dust in spirit) in the right hand.This figure is well designed and is regarded as an example of Bodhisattva statues of Tang Dynasty in Longmen.
The gate grottoes were excavated during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
the grottoes were constructed on a large scale for more than 400 years in succession in the Eastern Wei, Northern Qi, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties.
The length of the Grottoes is 1 kilometer in the north and south. There are now 2345 grottoes, more than 100,000 statues and more than 200 inscriptions on tablets.
Among them, "twenty products of Longmen" is the essence of calligraphy and Wei tablet. Zhu Suiliang's book "the monument of Yi Gu Shrine" is a model of regular script art .
Longmen Grottoes lasted for a long time and spanned many dynasties.
With a large number of physical images and literary materials.
they reflected the development and changes of ancient Chinese politics, economy, religion, culture and many other fields.
and made great contributions to the innovation and development of Chinese grotto art. In 2000, it was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.
译文：
门石窟开凿于北魏孝文帝年间，之后历经东魏、西魏、北齐、隋、唐、五代、宋等朝代连续大规模营造达400余年之久，南北长达1公里，今存有窟龛2345个，造像10万余尊，碑刻题记2800余品。其中“龙门二十品”是书法魏碑精华，褚遂良所书的“伊阙佛龛之碑”则是初唐楷书艺术的典范。
龙门石窟延续时间长，跨越朝代多，以大量的实物形象和文字资料从不同侧面反映了中国古代政治、经济、宗教、 等许多领域的发展变化，对中国石窟艺术的创新与发展做出了重大贡献。2000年被联合国科教文组织列为世界 遗产。
扩展资料：
龙门石窟是北魏、唐代皇家贵族发愿造像最集中的地方，是皇家意志和行为的体现，具有浓厚的 宗教色彩。两朝的造像反映出迥然不同的时代风格，北魏造像在这里失去了云冈石窟造像粗犷、威严、雄健的特征，而生活气息逐渐变浓，趋向活泼、清秀、温和。
这些北魏造像，脸部瘦长，双肩瘦削，胸部平直，衣纹的雕刻使用平直刀法，坚劲质朴。在北魏时期雕凿的众多洞窟中，以古阳洞、宾阳中洞和莲花洞、石窟寺这几个洞窟最有代表价值。
其中古阳洞集中了北魏迁都洛阳初期的一批皇室贵族和宫廷大臣的造像，典型地反映出北魏王朝举国崇佛的历史情态。这些形制瑰异、琳琅满目的石刻艺术品，是中国传统 与域外文明交汇融合的珍贵记录。
参考资料来源：百度百科-龙门石窟
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